| It is a kind of control system associated with the | | | | In the DCS the processors and modules are |
| manufacturing process or system. In this system the | | | | connected through multiplexes but the electrical |
| components of the controller elements are not | | | | buses or computer buses. |
| positioned in the center stage. Rather it is distributed | | | | The distributed controllers in the DCS are also |
| through the system. And each of its components is | | | | connected through computer buses which are finally |
| controlled by a separate controller or controllers. This | | | | connected to the central controller which is finally |
| system of controllers is interconnected to each | | | | connected to the human computer interface. The |
| others for monitoring and communication. Basically | | | | main application distributed control system is to |
| distributed control system is very broad term widely | | | | control manufacturing processes in units such as |
| used in multiple industries. Its main function is to | | | | petrochemicals, oil refining, pharmaceutical and power |
| monitor and control the distributed equipments. A | | | | generation stations. It also controls the flow of |
| DCS system is applied for operations such as electric | | | | material through the manufacturing unit. A DCS has |
| generation plants, electrical power grids, | | | | the geographically or functionally digital controllers that |
| environmental control systems, traffic signals, water | | | | can execute from 1 to 256 and even more control |
| management systems, oil refining plants and chemical | | | | loops in a single control box. The input and output |
| plants. Some other units like pharmaceutical | | | | devices are integrated with the controller through a |
| manufacturing, sensor networks, bulk oil carrier ships | | | | filed network. Nowadays the controllers in the DCS |
| and dry cargo also apply distributed control system in | | | | have wide computational capabilities. Apart from |
| their operations. | | | | integral, proportional and derivative control it can |
| In DCS custom designed processors are used for | | | | perform both sequential and logic control. |
| controlling the operation of the unit. It uses both | | | | The distributed control system was first introduced in |
| protocol and proprietary interconnections for | | | | the year 1975. it could be possible through the |
| communications. The component parts of the DCS is | | | | minicomputers. But now there is major breakthrough |
| the input and output modules. The input modules | | | | in the field of computers and computers of high |
| provide information to the processor which sends it | | | | precision has become the order of the day. Now the |
| to the output modules. The input instruments give | | | | digital communication between the work stations, |
| information to the input modules and output | | | | several computing elements and the distributed |
| instruments give information to the output modules. | | | | controllers are the primary advantages of the DCS. |