Biodiesel: The Pros and Cons

No company and/or industry today are immune fromblends of biodiesel (B2, B5, and B10) can cost less
the escalating cost of crude oil. In an effort tothan petroleum diesel. B20 is sold at almost a similar
address this growing concern, companies are seekingprice to petroleum diesel, but prices are expected to
alternative, cost-effective ways to make every dropdecrease as petroleum prices increase in the world
of fuel count. Although biodiesel is not a new type ofmarket while local producers and supply of biodiesel
fuel, its use has not been widely considered up untilincrease.
now. Today, its popularity is rapidly growing as anThe Cons - Opponents stress that biodiesel has
alternative to petroleum-based fuel that can be useddifferent solvent properties that can break down
in various blends in unmodified diesel engines.deposits in the fuel lines where petrodiesel has been
Biodiesel comes from vegetable oils that undergoused. If and when gas stations start offering
transesterification, a chemical process that extractsbiodiesel, opponents say they will need to replace fuel
methyl or ethyl esters from the oil. This extractionlines. Opponents expand their argument by stating
can be used as fuel, either in a pure or blended form.that biodiesel can also degrade rubber components,
The oils come from renewable, organic sources, suchwhich means that rubber fuel pumps and seals will
as coconut, soybean, grape seed, jatropha, or fromalso need to be replaced with a synthetic rubber. This
waste vegetable oil.is not great for consumers whose warranty may not
In an effort to promote the development and use ofapply if they convert to biodiesel.
alternative fuels, the United States governmentOne of the problem advocates gloss over, however,
provides incentives and tax credits to producers andis that although there are good number of biodiesel
users of renewable and alternative fuel, such assuppliers in some states, other states still do not
biodiesel. For example, the U.S. Department of Energyhave enough suppliers and producers of biodiesel to
(DOE) has been drafting policies that will mandatejustify the switch to biodiesel vehicles. Currently,
private fleets and government vehicles to replacenorthern central states like Minnesota, Michigan, North
their vehicles with those that are ready forand South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Kansas,
alternative fuel (read: diesel vehicles must be biodieseland Missouri have several suppliers of biodiesel. In
ready).other states, only selected suppliers provide biodiesel
The Pros - Biodiesel is commercially available at manyto local pumps, suggesting that the proposed
pumps throughout the United States as a blend withgovernment mandates do not realistically consider the
petroleum diesel. Proponents say blends of up to 20impact and consequences of this mandate on states
percent (B20) may be used in most conventionalwhere suppliers and producers are low.
diesel engines, before costly modifications areInvestors are quick to point out that there must be
needed. Advocates assert that there is no significanta growing demand in other states in order for
difference between biodiesel and petroleum dieselbusinesses to justify investing in distribution facilities in
when it is blended properly. In fact they argue thatother locations. That said, with petroleum prices
biodiesel provides the same mileage, torque, andexpected to continue to rise, proponents believe that
horsepower that petroleum diesel provides.consumers will consider switching to biodiesel and
Proponents stress the many advantages of usingother alternative fuel, thus creating a demand. With
biodiesel in vehicles. For starters, it is a cleaner fuelrising demand, gas stations are expected to install
that reduces carbon dioxide emissions up to 80%.more pumps that carry biodiesel.
With new regulations, biodiesel has almost zero sulfurWhile the conversion to using more biofuels appears
dioxide content. Studies also suggest that lowerto be inevitable, some question how the conversion
blends of biodiesel are more fuel efficient, whichwill be executed. Timing and associated costs of the
makes car engines last longer. In addition, biodiesel ischanges are still not clear. There is also the issue
less of a noise pollutant in diesel engines because ofabout the direct and indirect costs of converting
its high octane ignition rating. This means biodiesel cancompounded by the question of which groups will
make cold starting easier since it heats up morebenefit and which groups will suffer. With
easily than petroleum diesel.congressional leadership favoring the acceleration of
The beneficiaries of biodiesel will be fleet vehicles andgreener energy that clearly benefits their
the public transportation sector. As oil prices haveconstituents and lobbyists, there will definitely be
increased dramatically over the past year, biodiesel iswinners and losers.
becoming a more appealing alternative because it isIn the final analysis, the biodiesel debate points to the
cheaper to produce and is more environmentallyurgency for businesses to begin planning NOW for
sound. In addition, the price of biodiesel may be morethe inevitability of a greener world, with its intended
stable than petroleum diesel. For example, lowerand unintended consequences. Will you be prepared?