Patent Claim Formats, Numbering and Preamble

Considering the different parts of a patentFurthermore, it is acceptable to include more than
application, the most important part is the claims. Theone claim in utility patents. Namely, 35 USC section
statue that relates to the format of the claims is 35112 provides that the specification shall conclude with
USC section 112 and more particularly, the secondone or more claims.
paragraph. This paragraph sets forth a requirementIn design patent applications, only one claim is
to 'particularly point out and distinctly claim thepermitted.
invention'. The only acceptable way to 'particularlyFurther, any utility patent application with only one
point out and distinctly claim' an invention in aclaim, that claim should not be numbered.
statutory classes as defined by 35 USC section 112 isWhen there is more than one claim, each claim must
by means of a English sentence. This restriction maystart with an Arabic numeral. The claims must being
be the source of many problems in claim draftingnumbered consecutively, and to follow good practice,
because of problems of writing in English and in thethe claims should be grouped and numbered in a
meanings of words.logical order for consideration by the examiner which
The standard custom with respect to sentencewill be assigned to the patent application. The usual
construction in claim drafting is that each claim shouldpractice is to begin with the broadest claim and
be the direct object of a single sentence. The lengthproceed to the narrowest claim and to group similar
of the sentence does not matter. To start with, thetypes of claim together.
sentence may begin with 'I (or we) claim' or theCertain practitioners may try to slip a broad
equivalent 'What is claimed is'.independent claim among the dependent claims
The standard patent office practice is also to insisthoping that the examiner will not notice and hoping
that each claim begins with a capital letter and with athat the examiner will allow all the claims grouped
number. So that each claim may read as a completetogether.
sentence when taken with the introductory phraseThis is not a recommended practice.
such as 'I claim'. Except for standard abbreviationsA claim usually has a preamble and body.
such as the colon and semicolon, no other periods areMost claims have a preamble which may be an
permitted in the body of that claim.introductory statement having a purpose to name or
As a result of the single sentence rule, grammardefine the thing which is being claimed. Preambles
especially verb forms should be watched carefully.may be quite long or may be quite short depending
For example:on the type of claim that is being used.
I claim: a pen comprisesThe preamble for most claims should be simply a
This does not form a complete sentence.general definition of the invention to be claimed. The
For example:length and the detail should be chosen to match the
I claim: a pen comprisingbody of the claim.
This does not violate the complete sentence rule.The set of writing the preamble should not be taken
In conclusion, the claim should form a completeup until the scope of the claim is determined.
sentence by forming the direct object of the phraseUnnecessary and limiting limitations or statements
'I claim'. Begin each claim with a capital letter and aanywhere in the claims should be avoided and this
number.warning is applicable to the preamble.